name: dataviz
description: >
Use this skill whenever you are about to create ANY chart, graph, plot,
dashboard, or data visualization, in ANY output medium — an HTML or React
artifact, inline SVG, plotting code in any library (matplotlib, plotly, d3,
Recharts, …), an image/PNG you will render and upload, or a chart shared into
Slack. Read it BEFORE writing the first line of chart code, choosing chart
colors, building a stat tile / meter / KPI row, or laying out a dashboard.
When the destination is a first-party document connector (host-designated,
never self-described) that renders live charts, hand it the rows (inline, or
as an uploaded data file the chart cites) rather than a rendered PNG/SVG — a
picture of a chart loses hover, data inspection and per-value comments.
Produces visualizations that read as one system — elegant, accessible,
consistent in light and dark — using a brand-neutral placeholder palette you
swap for your own. Teaches a design-system-agnostic method: a form heuristic,
a color formula with a runnable validator, mark specs, and interaction rules.
A validated default palette is documented in references/palette.md — swap
that file's values for your brand's. Triggers on: "chart", "graph", "plot",
"data viz", "visualization", "dashboard", "analytics", "visualize data",
"categorical colors", "sequential / diverging palette", "stat tile",
"sparkline", "heatmap", "legend", "axis", "tooltip", "chart colors", "color
by series".

Data Visualization / 数据可视化

A chart is read by people and executed by you. This skill turns "make it look
good" into a procedure with checks, so the result is right by construction rather
than by taste.

图表是由人来读、由你来执行的。本技能把"让它好看"变成一套带检查项的流程，使结果是"构造上正确"，而不是"凭品味正确"。

The method here is design-system-agnostic. Nothing in the procedure, the form
heuristic, the six checks, or the mark specs is specific to one product. A design
system supplies a small set of parameters (its ramps, a categorical order, a
diverging pair, a status palette, a texture, its surfaces, its filter components);
the method consumes them unchanged. A validated default palette is the
reference instance, fully specified in references/palette.md. To target your
brand, read that file's structure and substitute its values - touch nothing else.

这里的方法与设计系统无关。流程、图型启发式、六项检查、标记规格中没有一项是针对某个具体产品的。设计系统只需提供一小组参数（它的色阶、类别色顺序、发散色对、状态色板、纹理、表面色、筛选组件）；方法原样消费这些参数。一套经过验证的默认调色板是参考实例，在 references/palette.md 中完整给出。要适配你的品牌，读取该文件的结构并替换其中的值——其余一概不动。

The single most important habit: the color part is computable, so compute it.
Never eyeball whether a palette is colorblind-safe - run scripts/validate_palette.js.

最重要的唯一习惯：颜色部分是可计算的，所以就去计算它。
绝不靠目测判断调色板是否色觉安全——运行 scripts/validate_palette.js。

The procedure - do these in order / 流程——按顺序执行

Color comes LAST. Most bad charts pick colors first.

颜色是最后一步。大多数糟糕的图表都先挑颜色。

1. Pick the form. What is the data's job - magnitude, identity, polarity, a
   single headline, change-over-time? The job picks the chart type, and sometimes
   the answer is not a chart (a stat tile or hero number). -> references/choosing-a-form.md

   1. **选定图型。**数据的职责是什么——数量大小、身份、极性、单个头条数字、随时间的变化？由职责决定图表类型，有时答案是不用图表（用统计瓦片或大数字）。-> references/choosing-a-form.md

2. Assign color by the job it does. Categorical (identity), sequential
   (magnitude), diverging (polarity), or status (state) - each has one rule.
   Assign categorical hues in fixed order, never cycled. -> references/color-formula.md

   2. **按颜色承担的职责分配颜色。**类别型（身份）、连续型（数量）、发散型（极性）或状态（状态）——每种各有一条规则。类别色相按固定顺序分配，绝不循环。-> references/color-formula.md

3. VALIDATE the palette - run the script, don't reason about Delta E.
   node scripts/validate_palette.js "<hex,hex,...>" --mode light (relative to
   this skill's base directory - or load it as <script type="module"> in the
   chart's own page, where it reads
   data-palette off <body> and logs a console.table report). It returns
   pass/fail on the lightness band, chroma floor, adjacent-pair CVD separation,
   the normal-vision floor, and contrast. Fix anything that FAILs before continuing. Re-run for
   --mode dark with that mode's surface.

   3. 校验调色板——运行脚本，不要靠推理 Delta E。
      node scripts/validate_palette.js "<hex,hex,...>" --mode light（相对于本技能的基础目录——或在图表所在页面中以 <script type="module"> 加载，它会从 <body> 读取 data-palette 并输出 console.table 报告）。它对明度区间、彩度下限、相邻颜色对 CVD 区分度、正常视觉下限与对比度给出 pass/fail。先修复所有 FAIL 项再继续。再以 --mode dark 配合该模式的表面色重跑一次。

4. Apply mark specs & spacers. Thin marks, 4px rounded data-ends anchored to
   the baseline, 2px lines, >=8px markers, a 2px surface gap between fills (stacked
   segments and adjacent bars alike) and a 2px surface ring on overlapping marks,
   selective direct labels. -> references/marks-and-anatomy.md

   4. **应用标记规格与间隔。**细标记、锚定在基线上的 4px 圆角数据端、2px 线条、>=8px 的标记点、填充之间的 2px 表面色间隙（堆叠段与相邻柱都适用）、重叠标记上的 2px 表面色描边、有选择性的直接标签。-> references/marks-and-anatomy.md

5. Add the hover layer - by default. An HTML/SVG chart is interactive; ship
   a crosshair+tooltip on line/area and a per-mark hover tooltip on bar/dot/cell.
   The only form that skips it is a bare stat tile with no plot. Hit targets bigger
   than the mark; filters in one row above the charts. -> references/interaction.md

   5. **添加悬停层——默认添加。**HTML/SVG 图表天生是交互式的；折线/面积图提供十字线+提示框，柱/点/单元格提供逐标记悬停提示框。唯一可以省略的图型是不带绘图区的纯统计瓦片。命中区域要大于标记本身；筛选器放在图表上方的一行内。-> references/interaction.md

6. Final accessibility pass. For >= 2 series a legend is always present and <= 4
   are also direct-labeled (a single series needs no legend box - the title names
   it), so identity is never color-alone; a table view exists; dark mode is selected - its own
   steps from the same ramps, validated against the dark surface, not an automatic
   flip; texture is available for the CVD/print/forced-colors case.

   6. 最终无障碍检查。>= 2 条系列时图例始终存在，且 <= 4 条时同时直接标注（单条系列不需要图例框——标题已说明系列名），因此身份识别绝不只靠颜色；提供表格视图；深色模式是被选定的——从同一批色阶中选取自己的档位、对照深色表面校验，而不是自动翻转；为 CVD/打印/强制配色场景提供纹理。

7. Render it and look at it. The validator checks color, not layout - open or
   screenshot the output and eyeball it for label collisions, geometry, and overflow
   before calling it done.

   7. **渲染并查看它。**校验器检查的是颜色，不是布局——打开或截图输出结果，目测检查标签碰撞、几何形状与溢出，然后才算完成。

Then check the result against references/anti-patterns.md - it is the catalog
of what goes wrong. If your chart matches an entry, it's wrong.

然后对照 references/anti-patterns.md 检查结果——它是"会出什么错"的目录。如果你的图表命中其中条目，那它就是错的。

Non-negotiables (true in every design system) / 不可妥协项（在任何设计系统中都成立）

• Assign categorical hues in fixed order, never cycled. A 9th series is never a
  generated hue - it folds into "Other," small multiples, or composite encoding.
  **类别色相按固定顺序分配，绝不循环。**第 9 条系列绝不使用生成的新色相——它折叠进 "Other"、小组图或复合编码。
• One axis. Never a dual-axis chart (two y-scales). Two measures of different
  scale -> two charts, small multiples, or indexed to a common base. (This is the
  #1 chart mistake - see anti-patterns.)
  **单坐标轴。**绝不使用双轴图（两个 y 刻度）。两个量纲不同的度量 -> 两张图、小组图，或按共同基线归一化。（这是第一大图表错误——见 anti-patterns。）
• Color follows the entity, never its rank. A filter that changes the series
  count must not repaint the survivors.
  **颜色跟随实体，绝不跟随其排名。**改变系列数量的筛选器不得给幸存的系列重新着色。
• Sequential = one hue, light->dark. Diverging = two hues + a neutral gray
  midpoint. Never a rainbow; never a hue at the diverging midpoint.
  **连续型 = 单一色相，由浅到深。发散型 = 两种色相 + 中性灰中点。**绝不用彩虹色；发散中点绝不用色相。
• Run the validator before shipping any categorical palette. CVD Delta E >= 8 is the
  target (OKLab ×100); 6-8 is a floor that is legal ONLY with secondary encoding. A
  normal-vision floor below 15 is a hard FAIL - full-color readers can't tell the
  pair apart; re-step it on the adjacent pairlist (secondary encoding does not excuse
  this one); under --pairs all cut series or facet instead - see check 4. A contrast WARN
  obligates visible labels or a table view - it is not dismissable.
  **交付任何类别型调色板之前先运行校验器。**CVD Delta E >= 8 是目标（OKLab ×100）；6-8 是下限区间，只有提供次级编码时才合法。正常视觉下限低于 15 是硬性 FAIL——全色觉读者无法区分该颜色对；在相邻颜色对列表上重新调整其中一方的阶梯（这一项次级编码不能豁免）；在 --pairs all 下则改为削减系列或分面——见检查 4。对比度 WARN 必须以可见标签或表格视图补救——不可忽略。
• Thin marks; a legend always present for >= 2 series (none for one), with
  selective direct labels (never a number on every point); recessive grid/axes.
  细标记；>= 2 条系列时图例始终存在（单条不需要），并配以有选择性的直接标签（绝不在每个点上标数字）；网格/坐标轴保持低调。
• Text wears text tokens, never the series color - values, labels, and legends
  stay in primary/secondary/muted ink; a colored mark beside them carries identity.
  文字使用文字 token，绝不使用系列色——数值、标签与图例保持在 primary/secondary/muted 墨色；旁边的彩色标记承载身份信息。
• Status colors are reserved (good/warning/serious/critical) and never reused
  for "series 4"; they ship with an icon + label, never color alone.
  状态色是保留的（良好/警告/严重/危急），绝不复用于"第 4 条系列"；它们始终与图标 + 标签一起出现，绝不只靠颜色。

Plugging in a design system / 接入一个设计系统

The method is invariant; only these parameters change per system. The reference
instance - every value filled in - is references/palette.md.

方法本身不变；每个系统只改变以下参数。参考实例——每个值都已填好——是 references/palette.md。

To onboard a new system: fill those rows, feed its ramps to the validator, and let
it snap each slot to the nearest passing step. Structure and rules stay as written.

接入新系统的方法：填好这些行，把它的色阶喂给校验器，让校验器把每个槽位吸附到最近的达标档位。结构与规则保持原文所述不变。

Reference files / 参考文件